Most of their classmates ended up in lousy little bakeries or pharmacies, or with nothing, because corporations wouldn’t answer queries from the children of immigrants in the 93. But the problem for me is what they hear in the mosques, in small groups.” She spoke of radical imams preaching hate. When Stéphane was thirteen, his father died and he became so disruptive at school that he was expelled. Imloul’s method is to maintain a young person’s ties to his or her family before an “initiation journey” occurs. “Islam sometimes brings the radiance and love and affection that the republic doesn’t give,” J.-P. said. Arnau Bach’s photos of the Paris banlieue Department 93 offer a portrait of a segment of French society that few outsiders dare to examine first-hand. The Prime Minister, Manuel Valls, is married to a Jew, and, according to Stéphane, that was why he went on TV after the attacks and said, “France without Jews is not France.” Valls didn’t say, “France isn’t France without Muslims.”, Stéphane had only praise for Marine Le Pen, the leader of the far-right National Front. You’re the ones killing. That’s why I tell you not to hang out with Arabs!”, Mehdi Meklat and Badroudine Abdallah, of Bondy Blog, found Coulibaly such an enigma that they considered writing a novel about him. One day in August, Ben Ahmed was driving home from Bondy’s city hall when he heard someone shout, “Dirty Jew!” He stopped. In addition to insulting the vast majority of French Muslims, this analysis fails to treat Coulibaly as an individual. In a cité like Trappes, where Ba grew up, some Muslims have separated from French society: women are disappearing under the black abaya; men are dropping out of school to sell Islamic clothing online. The January attacks created a genuine sense of crisis, and Prime Minister Valls made passionate speeches condemning the “geographic, social, ethnic apartheid” that denies French citizens in places like the 93 full entry into the republic. Jihadism doesn’t have the contours of ordinary politics. “He was nice, smiling, pleasant,” J.-P. recalled. “It’s not an ideology of social conditions,” he said. Traffic was awful and also I left really late.”, “I design retinal-controlled destination-mapping interfaces for self-driving transportation, but not in the traditional sense.”, “This next song is also about air-conditioning.”, “Let me try mine. For example, what should one call the religious ideas that, according to Stéphane, had given Amedy Coulibaly the courage to act? “In these conditions, that is unthinkable.”. If there were only around three thousand potential jihadists in France, there were far more anti-Semites—many of them Français de souche. I mentioned a few I knew about, including Sufism and Salafism. “You’re very intelligent but wrong in the head,” Ben Ahmed said to him. The banlieue, the working-class areas that encircle Paris and other French cities, are used to being demonised. These two teenage boys, of Maghrebian and west African descent, were electrocuted while trying to escape police in Clichy-sous-Bois, a part of the 93. La Miss captures former Miss Île-de-France Meggy Pyaneeandee, who was chosen to represent Greater Paris in a national beauty contest, standing self-assured in front of a convenience store. On October 17, 1961, during demonstrations by pro-independence Algerians in Paris and its suburbs, the French police killed some two hundred people, throwing many bodies off bridges into the Seine. In a dingy little restaurant in Montreuil, on an empty street near a cité, Arab men were served by a white waitress. It’s in prison.”, “And there are people who come to the mosques to talk with some of them and succeed in capturing them, on the side.”. Once they become jihadists, people fear them. But what I see is that there’s a point in common among those people—they’re Muslims.” She added quickly, “And it’s not to point a finger, because I mean the potential terrorists. But Ben Ahmed wasn’t discouraged. Google's free service instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages. I’m French.” Stéphane showed me his identity card. Här hittar du mer än 120.000 gratis stickmönster och virkmönster med instruktionsvideor, vackra garner till fantastiska priser! 5 years ago | 8 views. Ben Ahmed, who is thirty-nine, works as a liaison between residents and the local government in Bondy—a suburb, northeast of Paris, in an area called Department 93. Recruitment, therefore, happens outside the mosque, in prisons or on the Internet. A few days before the January attacks, Hayat Boumeddiene, Coulibaly’s wife, flew from Madrid to Turkey, then crossed into Syria. “Very nice lady,” he said. 3 talking about this. (The suburbs of the 93 grew around factories that had been situated northeast of Paris in order to allow industrial smells to drift away from the City of Light.) Last summer’s war in Gaza provoked widespread demonstrations in France, and some turned violent and explicitly anti-Semitic, with attacks on synagogues and kosher shops. “People are making an amalgame,” he said. Kuhnmunch turned the discussion to the history of secularism. He formed a group that organized excursions for youths in the cités. “That’s the whole point – to show people they can be proud of the banlieue, when they generally don’t understand why. Inside, he began praying five times a day, and when he got out he vowed to reform his life. The banlieues have housed generations of immigrants, and the older tide of Portuguese, Italians, and Poles hasn’t completely gone out with the more recent waves of Arabs, Africans, and Chinese. Ben Ahmed advised the girl to be careful, and, when word got back to the boyfriend, he confronted Ben Ahmed: “What the fuck do you want?” The next night, Ben Ahmed asked a friend in the boyfriend’s cité to go with a few others to calm the guy down. “But you already killed freedom of expression in sending Dieudonné to court.” Complaints about double standards displaced the horror of the killings with a more comfortable sense of victimization. And it ignores the fact that he had adopted a set of beliefs. Hélène Kuhnmunch teaches history in a vocational high school in Colombes, a banlieue northwest of Paris. In school on Monday, a Muslim student raised his hand. He was a twenty-three-year-old from the 93 named Mehdi Belhoucine. Thomassin, the mayor of Bondy (and Ben Ahmed’s boss), showed me a map to pinpoint where high-rise cités are being torn down and replaced by smaller buildings surrounded by green space. It was a way of saying, ‘We’ve had enough, we’d like to be heard, we want to be loved.’”, His trilogy captures the tenderness and tensions of the banlieue, offering an honest window into day-to-day life. “Let the investigators shed light on this massacre,” Ben Ahmed advised. Bonheur is trying to correct the many untruths in how these neighbourhoods are portrayed by the media.”, Bonheur called the first photo series Alzheimer after realising he’d forgotten much of his childhood since moving to Paris. Fanta Ba, the daughter of Senegalese immigrants, has taken to sending out job applications using her middle name, France, and Frenchifying her last name to Bas, but she remains out of work. The argument upset Ben Ahmed deeply. I got the feeling that, after decades of denial, France was now playing catch-up. For a few days, the World Cup removed those barricades. Kuhnmunch told her students about the Edict of Nantes, in 1598, when King Henry IV granted rights to French Protestants for the first time. “Sometimes it’s hard—wanting to try to help certain people and finding yourself in a situation that’s difficult,” Ben Ahmed told me. Russian Woman Escorted Off French Plane By French Police Says "My dear Putin will kill you!" The roads around Gros Saule—a drug-ridden cité where the police dare not enter—include Rue Henri Matisse and Rue Claude Debussy. Once there, some are shocked by the Islamic State’s violence and try to return home; others are seduced by it. The Jew thanked Ben Ahmed. “Like so many people from here, I had distanced myself from the past, because I was ashamed or just thought it was lame.” As he talks, he occasionally pulls out his compact 35mm, which bears a “Fuck Trump” sticker, to capture anything that catches his eye. “She said, ‘Your parents won’t have the money to pay for those schools. A young man of Malian origin told me that, when Coulibaly’s face appeared on French TV, in front of a homemade Islamic State banner, a friend of his mother’s cried out, “Oh, no—now they’ll accuse us. Among the inmates was Amedy Coulibaly. Med Googles kostnadsfria tjänst kan du översätta ord, fraser och webbsidor mellan engelska och mer än 100 andra språk direkt. After the attacks, Ben Ahmed wrote an open letter to President François Hollande titled “All Partly Responsible, but Not Guilty.” He identified himself as a banlieue resident who had often “seen death a few metres from me.” He wrote about the problems of joblessness, discrimination, and collective withdrawal from society. Coulibaly was the son of a factory worker, and was raised by both parents in a cité south of Paris. France has taken an entirely punitive approach to the problem. Coulibaly was sent to Villepinte prison, where J.-P. was serving time. The R.E.R., the rail network linking Paris to its suburbs, takes you from the Gare du Nord to Ben Ahmed’s station in just nineteen minutes. You have to be equal. 0:16. Jean-Pierre Filiu, the Arabist, told me that, for more than a decade, Sciences Po—the social-science institution where he teaches—has been admitting a portion of each new class on the basis of slightly different entrance criteria. (“Bobigny is like a village,” J.-P. When they were eighteen, she told Ben Ahmed to choose between his crowd and her. He cut himself off from his parents, whom he considered infidels. Most of the recruits grow up without fathers and without any religious knowledge—only anger and alienation in the banlieues. These riots involved youth of predominantly African, North African, and Arab heritage in violent attacks, and the burning of cars and … Because so many residents had sanctioned the violence, it suggested that lawlessness and hate had become endemic in the banlieues. Stéphane leaned forward, his eyes fixed on mine. One youth Ben Ahmed tried to help was J.-P., a wild kid from Salvador Allende, another cité in Bobigny. The conversion process rarely involves more than three people, to thwart infiltration. You attack the caliphate, you attack the Islamic State? He hadn’t said that he admired Coulibaly’s actions, but he hadn’t issued the immediate condemnation made by nearly everyone else I’d met in the 93. J.-P.—light-skinned, ripped jeans, bad teeth—sat in back. freestyle ghetto paris 93 (french rap)!!! They won’t be able to pull strings. Among the pieds-noirs, Harkis, and Algerians who immigrated to France for economic reasons, guilt and recrimination have impeded a candid reckoning with their shared pasts. “It wasn’t me. It’s like, ‘Look, guys: it’s framed, inside a gallery in Paris. In recent years, French galleries have started taking notice. Ben Ahmed’s grandfather was an Algerian who enlisted in the French Army and immigrated to the Paris banlieues in 1958. AVAIABLE at SAIGON now (poor ThuyNga Paris By Night:((!!! Cité Grémillon?” This was the French equivalent of Shitsville. The learned and rarely used … “But they don’t recognize the slavery that there was in Haiti, in Africa, everywhere,” he said. And yet Coulibaly had cast himself in the role of a great man. He never preached. Men like Coulibaly “think everything here in this lower world is useless, it’s just a passage. Radicalization has been a phenomenon in France for thirty years; devising a proper solution may take another thirty. The Musée de l’Histoire de l’Immigration opened without official ceremony. Young people in the banlieues told me that colonial history is cursorily taught, and literature from former colonies hardly read. Situated to the northeast of Paris, it is the poorest part of mainland France, according to Insee, the country’s office of national statistics. The imam, an elderly Tunisian who spoke little French, gave the closing prayer. The Shoah was a crime. He wears a gangbanger’s leather jacket in one, a military flak vest in another, a turban and the white robe of a martyr in a third. His grandfather had emigrated from Algeria in 1954, and became a street-cleaner. But your mother is still your mother. The mayor, who knew the Belhoucines well, now found it impossible to come up with a profile. For decades a bastion of the old working class and the Communist Party, the 93 is now known for its residents of Arab and African origin. He finds jihadists more interesting than the drug dealers and robbers he’s represented. He shaves his head close, the black stubble of his hairline descending to a widow’s peak. Inside a gas chamber, Dieudonné dabs his neck with Zyklon B, as if it were cologne; in the crematorium, he mistakes children’s remains for chicken bones. Living in Paris has made me realise that the diversity we take for granted here is seen as beautiful and special elsewhere. “When people lay down the law with violence, to get the last word you have to be the most violent,” J.-P. said. We say ‘égalité, fraternité.’ ”, The crime of slavery couldn’t be acknowledged, because of the vast fortunes made from it. Are the suburbs of Paris incubators of terrorism? It happens in stages. “Hey, you’re starting to annoy me,” J.-P. said. During his twenties and early thirties, Ben Ahmed was employed by the Bobigny government as a community organizer, working with troubled youth—some of them his friends and neighbors, many just out of prison or headed there. Nothing, absolutely nothing, can justify these barbaric acts. J.-P. kept his earphones in. “This is not about poverty, this is not about improving people’s conditions. Report. “To have to say, ‘I am Charlie’ or ‘I am a Muslim and I condemn this’—it’s too much,” she said. I asked myself, ‘How will this end? “It’s a social frontier,” Badroudine Abdallah, Mehdi Meklat’s colleague at Bondy Blog, said. Other Muslims had described themselves as unloved children of the republic. “There’s nothing at all for kids,” he said. As Khosrokhavar analyzes it, prisoners are “born again”: “Through jihadism, they transform the contempt of the others. . . . “It’s never too late to change.” He walked away, with a slight limp. “This guy is a big rapper,” he said of a loiterer, who nodded warily. The Salafists I knew were extreme ascetics—they didn’t drink, smoke, or sleep around. Even in our own land we can’t uphold Sharia. The trip begins in a tunnel, and when the train emerges the boulevards lined with bistro awnings are gone. French Ghetto Vs Police. “The kids in the banlieues live in this perpetual present of weed, girls, gangsters, Islam,” he said. “He does sketches to make people laugh at Jews, Charlie Hebdo does cartoons of the Prophet to make people laugh—it’s the same thing.” After the massacres, Dieudonné wrote on his Facebook page, with typical slyness, “I feel I’m Charlie Coulibaly.” In response, the authorities prosecuted him for supporting terrorism, and he’s been convicted several times for inciting racial hatred; this has led his admirers to accuse the government of a double standard. (Muslims are thought to compose only eight per cent of the population.) In 2004, the French parliament passed a law forbidding religious symbols in public schools. “Djamel Beghal. Grīziņkalns jau vēsturiski ir darbaļaužu un ielu bērnu rajons, kurā iedzīvotāji pulcējušies vairākos revolucionāros notikumos. France had given money to Israel as compensation for the French role in the Holocaust—imagine what it would cost to make reparations for slavery! These inmates are served by fewer than two hundred prison imams, many of whom are older immigrants and unable to understand life in the banlieues. Ben Ahmed came in fourth. We followed a footpath away from the projects, under railroad tracks, up to a scrubby clearing beside a junk yard of decaying freight containers. The problem is acute in France, Imloul said, partly because the republic’s rigid secularism leaves no room for serious discussions of religious identity. “And a guy who kills people in the name of religion is a crazy man.”. “Because France isn’t controlled by the Christians,” Stéphane said. L’Or Français showcases a cluster of golden-hued tower blocks in Aubervilliers, again part of the 93, that entranced Bonheur as a boy. J.-P. offered to take me to a mosque in Bobigny. And this ideology that they have—it’s not the fact that you live in a banlieue that gives it to you. But this didn’t account for why almost no other banlieusards—including criminals who had been subject to worse indignities—had committed mass murder against schoolchildren, Jews, and cartoonists. In the aftermath of the 2015 Charlie Hebdo attacks, Fox News infamously called them “no-go zones”. A man in a kippah was walking away from another man. “But instead of asking good questions, we chose stigmatization, refusal of the other.” He went on, “The split was born on that day, the feeling of rejection expressed by the political class, when we could have asked other questions: What’s wrong? The “idealism” of clients motivated to make Sharia universal law is, in some ways, more worrying than simple thuggery: even if France dedicates itself urgently to making its Muslims full-fledged children of the republic, a small minority of them will remain, on principle, irreconcilable. Even the candidate from the National Front beat him. Nogueras resisted tracing his clients’ motives to social conditions in the banlieues. “The Parisian banlieue have some impressive architecture,” he says, “which I like to think of as deposits of gold in the ground. Playing next. A few of his clients are violent and dangerous, he said, but many went to Syria out of idealism, wanting to defend other Muslims against the Assad regime and build an Islamic state. “Seeing this makes me nauseous,” he says finally. A grovelling prisoner shows him around the camp. If someone told me this person was capable of doing what happened, I wouldn’t have bet on that horse.” Coulibaly was released early, in March, 2014. The museum’s placards offer historical reassurance: “The figure of the unassimilable foreigner accompanies every wave of immigrants. J.-P. described the mind-set of some of his fellow-inmates: “I’m in prison, the state is to blame—it pushed me to live this life.” Prisoners watch a lot of TV news, and see war and death in Muslim countries. “You know what they say—the enemies of my enemies are my friends.”. “With a radical, if you don’t talk to him about religion, you can’t talk about anything,” she said. And then there’s their huge pool of pioneering hip-hop talent: R&B sensation Aya Nakamura, whose chart-topping hit Djadja was last year’s big girl-power anthem, is also a child of the 93. I am Malian and Muslim. I’m 93, and, as extremism sweeps across Europe, I fear we are doomed to repeat the mistakes which created the Holocaust, says Stanisław Aronson. Aniba told me that the counsellor, wanting to help, said, “You don’t have an aunt who lives in Paris or somewhere else? In a poll taken by Le Monde after the attacks, a majority of respondents agreed that Islam is incompatible with French values. That, in my opinion, is the real France. “I’m afraid he’ll end badly,” Ben Ahmed said. https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2019/apr/04/photogra… J.-P.’s father is still alive, but most of his father’s friends died young, from violence, drugs, or AIDS. Simply defining who is French can make small talk tricky. INFO. After the Charlie killings, dozens of mosques around France were defaced, and in a few cases fired upon. “When I see Valls, I think Islamophobe,” Stéphane said. It wasn’t hard to get him to “go against French society,” Abdallah said, because France had already rejected him. Ben Ahmed was being too sanguine. They exploited their historical tragedy and French guilt to acquire power. “If we have a debate on the editorial line, it’s like saying, ‘Yes—but,’ ” he later told me. Both twenty-three, they found a mentor in a veteran jihadist named Djamel Beghal, who had been born in Algeria and had brought radical Islamist views with him when he moved to France, in 1987. In the banlieues, French Jews were commonly conflated with Israelis. He argued that such people pose no threat to France and that the state shouldn’t permanently embitter them with years of detention. In the deserted center of Chemin Vert, on a plaza surrounded by eight twenty-story towers, J.-P. stopped walking. “No, it’s the first time. According to an associate of the gang, Fofana believed that the state considered him a slave, and that “Jews were kings, because they ate the state’s money.” Fofana, assuming that all Jews were rich, demanded four hundred and fifty thousand euros. If someone hurt France, he hurt J.-P., too. Email This BlogThis! In 2008, she and a group of immigrant kids made a documentary film about the Franco-Algerian history that lay buried in the children’s families. J.-P. knew everyone there, too. Injustice toward Muslims led Stéphane straight to the Jews. It’s not taught, and because it’s painful my mother and my grandfather never told me.” Still, he knew the basics of the French-Algerian War, and he spoke about the pieds-noirs—French settlers in Algeria who, after independence, fled what they considered their homeland—and the Harkis, Algerian Muslims who supported French rule and were demonized by other Algerians. Why—because we uphold Sharia? Mohamed and Mehdi were now believed to be in Syria. Posted by Mr Chrome at Wednesday, April 06, 2011. Dieudonné has spread anti-Semitism beyond extremist circles into popular culture. The social explanation, used commonly on the left in France and the U.S., oddly mirrors the right’s tendency to make an amalgame—to mix up terrorists with all Muslims. In the banlieues, laïcité has become synonymous with atheism and Islamophobia. He told me that France had failed to create a national story that included all its citizens. “It wasn’t enough to be a normal guy.”. Today, few Jews remain in the banlieues, and those who do downplay their identity. “Give me a hundred thousand euros. Purification.” He likened it to the Fascism of the nineteen-thirties. France’s high-profile jihadists had been Arabs, from Zacarias Moussaoui, the thwarted “twentieth hijacker” of September 11th, to Mohammed Merah, who murdered three Jewish schoolchildren, a rabbi, and three paratroopers in the Toulouse area, in 2012. Because Bobigny—really? Hussey’s recent book, “The French Intifada,” describes the conflict in such dire terms that his French publisher refused to release a translation. During his long agony, at least fifty people in the cité—from gang members to neighbors—knew that something was going on, but no one called the police. “She was reminding me of the codes,” he says, “advising me to play by the rules.”. Disc 1. There’s a French pejorative for that, too: communautarisme. In this explanation, a fairly direct line could be drawn between Coulibaly’s life in the Paris suburbs and terrorism. J.-P. enjoyed his “glass of wine,” and had plans to get wasted that very night. According to Farhad Khosrokhavar, the majority of French Muslims going to Syria are now middle-class youths, some of them white converts to Islam, and an increasing percentage of them female. Ben Ahmed had been nurturing political ambitions, and the incident made him a neighborhood hero. She couldn’t bear to rewatch the violent images or hear that all Muslims bore some responsibility. Some of his friends were drug dealers, and Ben Ahmed might have become a criminal, too, had he not met Carolina, the daughter of political refugees from Chile. Radicalization, then, is not a mass phenomenon in the banlieues. But as a youth in l’Abreuvoir he had to learn to fight—he trained at boxe française, a form of kickboxing—and his eyes can turn hooded and flat under stress. At the time, his mother was unemployed, and she and Fouad had to move to l’Abreuvoir, the cité in Bobigny. We dropped him off at a Senegalese cafeteria. But by the nineties it had become a center of heroin trafficking. At fifteen, he began a career in armed robbery, and during one of his imprisonments, in 2006, he met a newly converted Islamist named Chérif Kouachi. Ben Ahmed told his children to lie down, stalked the gunman for thirty feet, then grabbed him from behind and took him to the floor in a Brazilian-jujitsu chokehold. “The Kouachi brothers were fragile in their makeup—a lack of bearings, a lack of education, a lack of a vision of life, and later that leads to violence—but I don’t agree that they were nuts.”. The suburbs are thought to remain majority white, though no one knows for sure because, in France, collecting statistics by ethnicity or religion is illegal. Withdrawal, she said, was often a reaction to exclusion. I survived the Warsaw ghetto. “I’ve never seen the ‘Mona Lisa.’ I want to see it before I die.”. The mayor of Le Blanc-Mesnil, another banlieue in the 93, described a similar plan, along New Urbanist lines, that allowed public-housing renters to become homeowners. Former beauty queen … La Miss by Monsieur Bonheur. A double trailer stood next to a white tent. “I’ve been sitting on those juries, and the banlieues are among the best, because you have la niaque”—heart, a fighting instinct. He recalled that, in October, 2001, a soccer game in Paris between France and Algeria—the first such match since Algerian independence, in 1962—had to be called off when thousands of French youths of North African origin booed the “Marseillaise” and invaded the field, some chanting, “Bin Laden, bin Laden!” The French public responded with righteous revulsion. “It’s very easy to get them,” Tabet agreed. “The Battle of Algiers,” the filmmaker Gillo Pontecorvo’s neo-realist masterpiece about insurgency, counterinsurgency, terrorism, and torture in Algiers, was banned in France for five years after its release, in 1966, and it remains taboo there. He spent nights and weekends leafletting and shaking hands in his old hangouts. Paris By Night 92: Nhạc Yêu Cầu. This xenophobia, recurring in times of crisis, is often paired with anti-Semitism and fed by racism.”. Inside the banlieues are the cités: colossal concrete housing projects built during the postwar decades, in the Brutalist style of Le Corbusier. Nevertheless, the wound of exclusion has festered in French Muslims for so long that the subject of Islamist terrorism is almost too sensitive to touch. The vocational schools are despised, she said, as tools of “exclusion from the system,” and they have few resources. They are offered solace, a new identity, and a political vision inverting the social order that places them at the bottom. Whenever she hears of a terrorist attack in France, she prays, “Don’t let it be an Arab, a black, a Muslim.” On January 7th, she turned off the TV and avoided Facebook for two days. In a sense, the Halimi case was even more troubling than the January attacks. Samba: Bên Nhau Đêm Nay (Dancing All Night) - Nguyễn Cao Kỳ Duyên, Brian, Christian, Anya, Christina, Riohot Dance Group. “Two years later, I slept with the girl,” J.-P. said, laughing. Another youth whom Ben Ahmed tried to help was named Stéphane. “See?” he said. They fall into crime and end up in prison. Then came the stunning news of the Belhoucine brothers’ connection to the authors of the Paris attacks. “They have more to say—many more ideas. After the Charlie massacre—and after a third terrorist, Amedy Coulibaly, gunned down a black policewoman outside a Jewish school and four Jews at a kosher supermarket—there was a widespread feeling, in France and elsewhere, that the killings were somehow related to the banlieues. When the boyfriend saw the group approaching, he pulled out a pistol and fired warning shots. Par Ghetto Games. “Black, white, Arab and Asian, every shade and every social class, all happily together. Ben Ahmed said, “I have the impression in fact that it’s rather simple, how these people can flip from one day to the next.”.

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